1. CREATE sense of urgency

Help others see the need for change by making a bold and ambitious statement to them, which brings a message for immediate action.

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2. BUILD guiding coalition

A volunteer army needs a coalition of effective people - born of its own ranks - to guide it, coordinate it, and communicate its activities

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3. FORM strategic vision & initiatives

Clarify how the future will be different from the past and how you can make that future a reality through initiatives linked directly to the vision.

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4. ENLIST volunteer army

A large-scale change can only occur when a large number of people unite around a common opportunity. They have to be involved in the process of change by moving in the same direction.

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5. ENABLE action by removing barriers

Removing barriers such as inefficient processes and hierarchies provides the freedom necessary to work and generate real impact.

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6. GENERATE short term wins

Wins are the molecules of results. They must be recognized, collected and communicated - early and often - to track progress and energize volunteers to persist.

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7. SUSTAINE acceleration

Press harder after the first successes. Your increasing credibility can improve systems, structures and policies. Be relentless with initiating change after change until the vision is a reality.

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8. INSITUTE change

Articulate the connections between the new behaviors and organizational success, making sure they continue until they become strong enough to replace old habits